Innovation to Sustainability of Lexus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development to Sustainability of Lexus - Essay Example 2010, p.1). This paper will at that point basically talk about the reasonable advancement aftereffects of Lexus Company corresponding to Lexus CT 200h arrangement. Evaluative Points Innovation system Lexus has been among the most noteworthy positioned organization in engine vehicle industry. The advancement of the name Lexus which is related with extravagance has pulled in numerous clients to these items since it is an image status. The organization has presented the absolute most progressive vehicle with current highlights to meet the users’ needs. The organization has open day meetings where they include their customers in showing their vehicles. The clients have had a chance to make their commitments on the brand of vehicle that they need. One of the significant parts of development in Lexus is to realize upper hand inside the market. The organization conducts field examine and survey the customers’ tastes and inclinations in order to think of vehicles that address t heir issues. The advancement in this organization has prompted ceaseless enhancements in the business. The vehicles are delivered with explicit highlights that suit explicit undertakings. The materials used to build up the vehicles are blended in with synthetic substances in this manner making them progressively sturdy. The vehicllles made are alright for most clients. They utilize less fuel accordingly conservint the earth and saving money on fuel use. (Pellissier, 2008, p.98) Although this can be accomplished through numerous ways, the most serious issue or challenge is the way to support it particularly in the serious auto world where vehicles are uncovered each year. The organization items are being imitated by different organizations along these lines losing creativity. The development accompanies extra cost in this way making the cost of vehicles excessively high to the clients. The vehicles require normal It is critical to have serious markets yet in addition it is similarly imperative to take a gander at the association of firms. This is significant for upper hand since association is significant in deciding how assets are designated and used. Lexus association is like that of its mom organization Toyota which is decentralized with every substance being self-governing (Stirman, Kimberly, Cook, Calloway, Castro, and Charns, 2012, p.1). Exploration and improvements The organization has done numerous investigates to come up vehicles that suit the necessities of various clients. The organization direct field studies to evaluate diverse territory with the goal that they can make vehicle for explicit regions. In the materials used to make the vehicle they direct tests to determine their sturdiness and quality. The vehicles have developed through numerous stages, plans and structures to meet the changing patterns in purchaser tastes and inclinations. The organization has developed into a universal organization sending out vehicles to all locales of the globe. The organization has set up gathering auxiliaries in numerous pieces of the world in order to meet the buyer needs and needs (Roy, 1994, p.103). The innovative work have prompted dynamic change in the vehicles delivered by the organization. The vehicles of the organization have been customized to adjust to different socioeconomics. The investigates have set up exclusive expectation on the nature of vehicle. The exploration and improvements have prompted an expansion in showcase for the organization items. The organization has scientist for various issues in this manner giving the organization an upper hand since the analysts are specific. The vehicles of Lexus are fabricate as per the researchers’

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example For Students

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Slamming thunder and blustery skies are the scene set for Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, an account of pride, energy and force. At the point when a fanatical researcher attempts to make a superhuman race that will revere him as god all destruction loosens up when his creation get away. Lamentably the manifestations encounters in the outside world are awful and before long pledges to vindicate his incidents by devastating his maker. Furthermore, as the beast is a heap of sewed together parts the book is a biblio-beginning implies that the book is a blend of various types Romantic, Horror and the recently shaped Gothic. This is one reason for the books suffering prevalence, however what are the distinctions from the contemporary crowd of 1818 to the cutting edge 2006 peruser. The book begins toward the end with Victor Frankenstein in pursue of his creation as a top priority for its decimation, he shockingly looses it and is washed in to the frosty place where there is the North shaft. He is found by Robert Walton, a man on the mission for the North-West entry. On Waltons transport when Frankenstein recoups he starts to tell Walton of his explanation behind being in the North Pole. Frankensteins primary character is the crazed researcher Victor Frankenstein, a youthful Swiss kid, he experiences childhood in Geneva perusing crafted by old and obsolete chemists, a foundation that serves him sick when he goes to college at Ingolstadt. Subsequent to acing all that the educators need to encourage he gets spellbound by the mystery of life. In the wake of finding the mystery he starts chip away at his lord race and the individuals who favor me maker. Shockingly when he sees the revoltingness of the beast he runs and later finds the beast gone. Presently with the beast gone he comes back to his home in the wake of becoming aware of the passing of his sibling, not realizing it was by the hand of the beast. Victor changes over the course if the novel from an honest youth interested by the possibilities of science into a baffled, blame ridden man resolved to pulverize the products of his haughty logical undertaking. Victor one might say is viewed as a disastrous character yet he doesnt have that basic quality, the acknowledgment of his wrongdoings and the affirmation of them. My past direct; nor do I think that its accountable . Toward the finish of the novel when Victor kicks the bucket. With the different storytellers and, subsequently, various points of view the novel leaves the peruser with differentiating translations of Victor-insane lab rat or courageous traveler. This adds to the prevalence of the book as perusers can't identify with Victor and discover him top to bottom and new. The contemporary crowd would have never observed a character like Victor Frankenstein and the assurance problem presented by the book-risky information would have never been taken advantage of. In spite of the fact that circumstances are different and the media free for all over as good as ever forms of the exemplary despite everything keep on molding our points of view to the crazy lab rat looking for ungainable information in present day times. Similarly as the beast is the core of the story the structure is as well. With the portrayals of Walton to his sister, Victor to Walton , Monster to Victor, Victor to Walton lastly Walton to Monster. The beast lies directly highly involved with everything. In the wake of getting away from Victors lab the beast heads towards nature, he is and grown-up in size however a youngster at the top of the priority list. He has no origination of faculties and language. At the point when he finds a consuming fire he is flabbergasted at the glow it transmits vulnerable environmental factors, yet he is befuddled when he places his finger in the fire and damages himself. He can't decide how something that offers such delight could likewise be a thistle. The beast is Victors creation, collected from old body parts and bizarre synthetic substances, enlivened by a secretive sparkle. Deserted by his maker and confounded he attempts to mingle just to beaten and pursued in light of his height. .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .postImageUrl , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:hover , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:visited , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:active { border:0!important; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:active , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5c8a0f9e72 0131db74e193060b79c415 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: What could be supposed to be the more profound importance or verifiable message of An Inspector Calls EssayAfter a few fruitless experiences with people he chooses to take shelter in an old animal dwellingplace. He is glad to find that he can keep an eye on his neighbors through a little opening. There he learns the human language and now can relate feelings to causes. He at that point chooses to move toward an individual from that family, an old visually impaired man who can see past his odd structure. Lamentably he is hindered by the old keeps an eye on nephew and he drive the beast out of the house. Wrathful he approvals t o render retribution on his maker for relinquishing him , and along these lines begins his excursion to Geneva. The beast is never brought into the world underhandedness in the book just the manner in which society has treated him has transformed him into what he later turns into a relentless executioner. Waltons letters to his sister outline around the primary story. Walton skippers a North post bound boat and in spite of the fact that the steady inclinations from his sister to return securely, he says I will execute no gooney bird. Walton matches Victor from multiple points of view, similar to Victor e is a pilgrim and pursuing nation of interminable light-unpossessed information. Victor impact is extraordinary however he in the long run turns around dissimilar to Victor. These characters add a ton of creative mind to the book and this besides adds extraordinarily to the books suffering fame. Three apparently indistinguishable characters yet from various perspectives unique, they all describe some portion of the book and this gives three distinct perspectives on a similar plot. In a manner that echoes the beasts sewed together body parts, the novel is an assortment of sewed together kinds. This is no less obvious than in section 5. The book is a blend of sorts Horror, Gothic, Romantic, Semi-Autobiographical and sci-fi. Part 5 is the production of the beast and the Horror, Gothic and Sci-fi topics are clear as Mary Shelly has utilized fitting highlights to every one of these sorts. Troubling Night, Rain pattered grimly, Horrid Contrast. Repulsiveness is the dimness and our normal dread of the obscure. Science fiction is the ghastly animal from a different universe or ridiculous. Gothic, another type at that point, drove by Frankenstein. Gothic components are all over the place, they make pressure, dread and interest. In part 5, Shelly has utilized Gothic components, for example, the horrid climate, the gleaming light, the desolate insane lab rat and the ill-advised knave. This adds to the suffering notoriety as the social setting of that time was that science was the route forward and individuals started to scrutinize certain strict convictions. The books against science message is clear. It says that unpossessed information isnt in every case great. The subjects in the book are different as Frankenstein is a biblio-beginning, an assortment of seamed together parts from different works. Incredibly impacted by Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The sailors story matches Waltons and Victors, they are all at the place that is known for ice and day off. Similarly as the sailor advises his story to the wedding visitor for reclamation, Victor is driven by blame. Both Victor and the sailor cause their own obliteration The sailor ought to have thought about the gooney bird, Victor ought to have thought about The beast. Furthermore, as the murdering of the gooney bird turned out to be actually and figuratively a weight for the sailor, the beast, in like manner, is Victors trouble. They are additionally connected when Walton notices to his sister that he will execute no gooney bird. All in all, the suffering notoriety of Frankenstein is declaration to an extraordinary author. Shelley has utilized numerous new components to accomplish this, in transit imagining another type. Frankenstein is viewed as a fore dad of all cutting edge gothic books, appropriately so it has had numerous other options and we have seen the animal in a wide range of lights. The core of its fame exists in the making of the beast and Shelley has utilized a wide range of th

Blizzard #1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Blizzard #1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Some of you might have heard on the news that the greater NYC area was hit with a blizzard yesterday.   I thought I would share a few pictures. This is not a glorious picture, but when I went to take out the garbage this morning this is what awaited me . . . This one is interesting because it was inside the 50th street subway station . . . I say again, inside.   The wind was blowing so hard it forced the snow through the street vents . . . Not many people were riding their bikes today . . . And normally steps are visible in front of Low Memorial Library, but not today . . . Why is this post labeled Blizzard #1?   Because based on a review of whats going on in our application system, our office is going to be hit with a digital blizzard next week when the January 5th deadline hits.

human resource management - 2176 Words

Evaluation of Recruitment Selection in Emirates Airlines Human Resource is a term which is used for describing the single entity of the individuals who make the entire work force of any company or organization. Along with the organization, it can be applied for any business or for the entire nation. Human Resource can be considered as the function which is used for implementing and charging strategies in the organization. It has the responsibility of making the policies in relation with the student management. Introduction to Recruitment Section Recruitment section in the Human Resource Department is the one which is solely responsible for the recruitment of the employees in the company or the organization. It has the†¦show more content†¦(Realistic) Explanation of Intended Outcome (Time Bound) The HR recruiting process of emirates airlines is somewhat not favourable for the employees that the company recruit because the company is using techniques that have a very selective procedure i.e. the employees that emirates airlines recruit are very highly skilled and experienced persons, but the airlines are not paying enough to them as much as other airlines do, this gives rise to high employee dissatisfaction. One of the most highly satisfied employee team of Emirates Airlines is facing problems which can have an adverse effect on the company’s performance. It is obvious that there are certain changes that the company needs to make to address this malfunctioning. The research looks to critically survey the company and eliminate such drawbacks and make recommendations to improve conditions. (SMART Objectives , 2010) Literature Review HRM helps in improving the working environment of the company and works in benefit of the common employee to increase everyone’s performance to get better results. HR professional’s responsibilities vary from quality recruitment hiring throughShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). 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Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

The Role of French Architecture in French Culture - 524 Words

French architectures plays an important role in its culture. The Arena of Nà ®mes is a Gallo-Roman style architecture located in the city of Nà ®mes. It was built around 70 AD and remodeled in 1863 to serve as a bullring. Nowadays, bullfights are banned due to its cruelness. Notre Dame de Paris is a Gothic style Catholic cathedral in Paris. It is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world. The Palace of Versailles is a baroque style royal Chà ¢teau. Versailles is famous not only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Rà ©gime. The Louvre Palace is a former royal palace located in Paris. The present-day Louvre Palace is a vast complex of wings and pavilions on four main levels which is the result of many phases of building, modification, destruction and restoration. As a result, it has a mixed style of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neo-Classicism and modernism. French architectures is the witness of its long history. French paintings is often closely related to history. Liberty Leading the People is a painting by Eugà ¨ne Delacroix. Delacroix shows a smoking battlefield scene. A woman personifying Liberty leads the people forward over the dead bodies, holding the flag of the tricolor flag in one hand and a musket with the other. This painting commemorates the July Revolution of 1830, which toppled King Charles X ofShow MoreRelatedThe Classical Style Of The Ancient Greece And The United States1141 Words   |  5 PagesNeo- Classicism in France and the United States The classical style of the ancient Athens, derived from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome in the 15th century, has had a universal impact on many cultures during previous time periods. 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Due to the lost, their mother sent them with his brother called Jean Malouel who was the most important painter for the French and Burgundian Court. While living in France, Herman and John were apprenticed by a goldsmith in Paris. Reluctant to loose touch with their cultural Netherlandish roots, they were going back to Nijmegen to visit their mother but they were capturedRead MoreForeign Trade with China1207 Words   |  5 Pagesof Foreign Factories,† which hangs inside the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. Designed by Chinese artist Sun Qua, the picture depicts not only the emerging assimilation of economies, but also the spread of architecture, technology, and the integration of foreign culture into Chinese life. For centuries, China conducted its foreign affairs through an imperial tributary system, believing that they were culturally superior to their neighboring states. 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It Auditing Outline Free Essays

ACC 624 Information Technology Auditing Spring, 2013 Ram Engira Office: BENT Hall 364 Hours: By appointment ONLY Telephone: Cell (917)597-9523 e-Mail: Currently engirar@stjohns. edu or rengira@gmail. com The Course: This course provides an overview of controls relating to IT governance, databases and their structures, networks, client servers systems, IT service delivery, business continuity, disaster recovery, IS security, cryptography, firewalls, IDS, IPS, backups, recovery, and distributed systems. We will write a custom essay sample on It Auditing Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now Text: Required: ISACA, CISA Review Manual- 2013, ISACA publication, Code# CRM11- Required Note: You can buy any edition of the aforementioned text. 2008,2009, 2010, and 2011 editions are all good, and are much cheaper from various sources â€Å"CISA Q/A CD-ROM in English†- 2011- Recommended not Required, Code # CDB11 CISA Review Questions, Answers, and Explanations- 2011 Recommended not Required, Code # CDB11W CISA Review Questions (Supplement) – 2011 Recommended not Required, Code # QAE11ES (Note: If you buy CDB11, you don’t have to buy CDB11W and QAE11ES) Grading: Mid-Term †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 35% Term Paper †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20% Final Exam †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .. 35% Class Participation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦10% Please note †¢ With the exception of documented medical emergencies, there will be no make-ups for any test. †¢ More than three (3) non-excused absences are considered as an automatic withdrawal from the course. (Please let me know, IN ADVANCE, if you cannot attend a class because of a legitimate emergency). Note: Power Point Slides and Class Handouts will be available on professor’s disk (STJ’s S: Drive). There is no off campus access to this drive, therefore, you should copy these files into a diskette for your own use at home. Professor may also decide to use other electronic means to send the handouts to the students. Ranges for Grades: A = 93. 1 to 100 A- = 90. 1 to 93. 0 B+ = 87. 1 to 90. 0 B = 84. 1 to 87. 0 B- = 80. 1 to 84. 0 C+ = 77. 1 to 80. 0 C = 74. 1 to 77. 0 C- = 70. 1 to 74. 0 D+ = 67. 1 to 70. 0 (Undergrads only) D = 64. 1 to 67. 0 (Undergrads only) D- = 60. 1 to 64. 0 (Undergrads only) F = below 60. 0 WEEKLY CLASS SCHEDULES: Note: There is a strong possibility that sequence of coverage of chapters might change. Week |CHAPTER |DESCRIPTION | |1,2 |Instructor Handouts (PP |Financial Auditing, Operational Auditing, IT Auditing, Forensics auditing, role of IIA, ISACA, | | |decks) |certifications of CIA and CISA | | | |IT technical refresher | | | |Introduction to IT Auditing | | | |Theory and Practice of â€Å"Controls† | |3 |CRM Domain 1 |IS Audit Process | |4 |CRM Domain 1 |IS Audit Process | |5 |CRM Domain 2 |IT Governance | |6 |CRM Domain 2 |IT Governance | |7 |CRM Domain 3 |System a nd Infrastructure Lifecycle Management (mid-term) | |8 |CRM Domain 3 |System and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management | |9 |CRM Domain 4 |IT Service Delivery and Support | |10 |CRM Domain 4 |IT Service Delivery and Support | |11 |CRM Domain 5 |IS Asset protection- security | |12 |CRM Domain 3 |IS Asset protection- security | |13 |Rain/Snow Day Contingency |Business Continuity and Disaster recovery | |14 |Finals |Finals (Cumulative from ALL domains) (35 points) | Course Outline for ACC 624 Domain 1- The IS Audit Process: IS Auditing Standards and Guidelines, Performing an IS Audit, Control Self Assessment, Emerging changes in IS Audit Process. Domain 2- IT Governance: Policies and Procedures, Risk Management, Information Systems Management Practices (Personnel Management, Sourcing Practices, Organizational Change Management), Organizational Structure and Responsibilities (IS Roles and Responsibilities, Segregation of Duties, Auditing IT Governance Structure and Implementation. Domain 3-Systems and Infrastructure Life Cycle Management: Project management structure and Practices, Business Application Development (Traditional SDLC phases, alternate Application Development Approaches), Infrastructure Development / Acquisition in Practices, Information Systems Maintenance Practices, System Development Tools and Productivity Aids, Application Controls, Auditing Application Controls, Auditing System Development, Acquisition and Maintenance, Business Application Systems: E-Commerce, EDI, POS, Electronic Systems, EFT, ATM, Image Processing etc. Domain 4- IT Service Delivery and Support: IS Operations, IS Hardware, IS Architecture and Software, IS Network Infrastructure (OSI model, LAN-WAN, wireless, N/W Administration and Controls), Auditing Infrastructure and Operations. Domain 5- Protection of Information Assets: Information Security Management, Logical Access Exposures and Controls, N/W Infrastructure Security, Auditing Information Security Framework, Environmental Exposures and Controls, Physical Access Exposures and Controls. Domain 6- Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery: BC and DR Planning (BCP process, BCP incidence management, recovery strategies, developing a BCP, organization and assignment of responsibilities, components of BCP, Plan Testing, Backup and Restoration,   Auditing DR and BC Plan. [pic] How to cite It Auditing Outline, Essay examples

Eradicating bullying in the nursing profession free essay sample

Eradicating Bullying in the Nursing Profession December 07, 2013 Bullying has become a huge problem in the nursing world, affecting the working environment, and possibly the way care is given due to uncomfortable working conditions. The plan is to eradicate this problem through education and consequences put into place to deter bullying from all employees. Through conferences with those who are reportedly creating the problem and also an in- service explaining bullying, this will equip the staff with knowledge on how to handle a situation they may be the victim of, or one they may have observed. Contribution to the Future of Healthcare Bullying in nursing needs to stop, its limiting the nurses we do have, and taking away potentially good nurses that need the training to become great nurses. There is already a severe nursing shortage, why allow the nurses causing these issues to continue this behavior and contribute to that shortage. Having this plan to stop bullying in the nursing profession will give nurses currently in the profession and new nurses coming into the profession a great working environment and team that anyone would want to be a part of, a place to learn and drama free environment gain reat learning experiences. This project contributes to the future of nursing by providing all staff the proper education on what bullying is, and what they can do to stop it if they are the victim, or witness to this behavior. Creating a zero-tolerance policy against workplace bullying enforced by all management staff, explaining to employees that termination from their Job will be their reward if found participating or encouraging this behavior. The only way for this behavior to cease is to instruct strict rules and regulations against it; making sure everyone is aware and educated on it. There should be mutual respect between nurses, and camaraderie with in the team to help those who need it, there needs to be more building up of nurses and less tearing down. This will help further the profession, and create an environment that will promote growth in the profession and in individual units. Change Model Overview The Rosswurm and Larrabees change model is a guide for nurses and other healthcare professionals through the process of change to evidence-based practice, integration of an evidence-based protocol (Rosswurm Larrabee, 1999, Para. ). Nurses should use this change model to assist them with identifying and nderstanding the problem. Using the steps described within the model; solutions can be found, or changes can be made to eradicate the problem based on evidence- based practice. Step 1: Asses the Need for Change P = Nurse to nurse bullying I = Incorporate a zero-tolerance policy for bullying for the facility, ensure that all staff familiarizes themselves with it , and are aware of the ramifications (termination of employment) if involved in or found encouraging such behavior. C = Standing up to the aggressor, which may escalate the situation further O = Deter bullying. Allowing for a healing and, learning, work environment T = 3 months (good time-frame for implementation and evaluation of the policy) Why is nurse to nurse bullying so prominent in the profession, and mainly between new nurses and experienced nurses? This problem is only recently catching attention, however; its been a growing problem from years ago that has been overlooked; no one got involved to stop the nurses that were doing it and now its become national problem in the nursing world. According to Rocker, The literature reveals both victims and witnesses of bullying uffer silently and are often confused as to what to do when presented with bullying behavior. This confusion frequently contributes to nurses leaving their chosen profession (Rocker, 2008). This problem is Jeopardizing the retention of nurses, causing the new nurses to reevaluate their decision on becoming a nurse, increasing turnover rates with 60% of new nurses leaving their first Job in six months time due to bullying (Bullen, 2013, Para. ), adding to the shortage the profession already faces, and scaring up and coming nurses who will read about this problem; wondering will hey be a victim of this abuse. According to Rocker, in an article she cited by (Chiders, 2004) called, The Nurses in Hostile Work Environments 2003 Report, it stated that in the US 70% of bullied victims resign from their Jobs, 33% leave due to medical issues, and 37% leave due to yearly manipulated evaluations that show poor wor k ethic or habits. With these types of stats there will always be a nursing shortage. Discuss the clinical environmental problem of nurse bullying with the manager, assistant manager and nursing staff. Reviewed peer-reviewed articles providing data on what he lasting effects this type of problem could have if no resolution is found. Compared internal data from staff to external data from other medical facilities that have experienced this problem amongst their nursing staff. Identified through meeting with staff the need for education on what nurse bullying is or looks like. Step 2: Link the problem, interventions, and outcomes Nurse bullying, a serious issue within the nursing profession is a current problem threatening the nursing world. Verbal and physical abuses are contributors to this war between nurses. There is such a lack of disrespect within the profession, iscrimination against nurses based on lack of experience and/or lack of knowledge whether new to the profession or not. A way of confronting this problem and ridding this horrid behavior from nursing is to implement an intervention to stop the behavior. This intervention could be to create a policy that expresses zero-tolerance for bullying, with serious consequences such as loss of employment. This policy could that will try their luck to see how serious the implementation of the policy will be, and those individuals will be the example to other staff how serious this policy is to be taken. Linked nurse bullying with the intervention zero-tolerance policy to enforce that the behavior will not be tolerated. Identified outcomes the bullies will be deterred from engaging in this behavior in fear of the ramifications (i. e. Job loss), decreasing the problem. Step 3: Synthesize the Best Evidence Horizontal violence, nurse to nurse bullying, nurses eating their young; no matter the term used they all mean the same things violence in working environments and the nursing professionals are some of the worst (Mckenna, Smith, Poole, Coverdale, 2003, p. 90) (Hutchinsom, Vikers, Wilkes, Jackson, 2010, p. 321). There is a silence that continues in many US facilities that contribute to the underreported encounters, and unproven working of trialed interventions (Gaffney, Demarco, Hofmeyer, Vessey, Budin, 2012, Para. 1). This behavior can affect the working environment, safety of the patient and the quality of care given. Educate staff about respect of colleagues; explain the zero-tolerance policy for all staff to abide by, an encouraging staff or victims of bullying to document and report all events as they happen (Rocker, 2008, Para. 21) (Stokowski, 2010, p. 5). According to Jackson, It is important that health professionals feel safe to disclose any perceived breaches of care or other wrongdoing, especially when they believe there is any actual or potential threat to patients or colleagues Oackson, 2008, Para. 7). Bullying has been around for a long time within the nursing profession; however, no one wants to blow the whistle on another colleague and have that affect their Job, reputation, or relationship with colleagues. Everyones mouths are sealed not wanting to tell on anyone because of fear; fear for their future at the Job once they do. According to Stokowski, each organization has the responsibility to develop processes for managing threatening and intimidating behaviors. In 2008, the Joint Commission issued a standard on intimidating and disruptive behaviors at work, citing concerns about increased medical errors, poor patient satisfaction, adverse outcomes, higher costs, and loss of qualified staff (Stokowski, 2010, p. 5). Step 4: Design Practice Change In order for the bullying issue to cease from the facility every employee must be held accountable if found engaging in this behavior. Managers from all units will eet with the employee education department to put together a presentation/in- service. The information will touch on what bullying is; the policy that will be put into place against it, and explanations of what the break in this policy can lead to in the future (i. e. Job termination). The managers of each department will be in charge of setting up an in-service schedule for all their employees to attend and will be responsible for educating their staff. Step 5: Implement and Evaluate the Change in Practice All staff will be on a warning period during the implementation and evaluation ime of 3 months, allowing everyone to become familiar with the new policy. During this time, there will be a reportable events box that staff can anonymously report personally experienced events or observed events of bullying; providing numerical data of how the policy in place is deterring the bullying behavior now versus before the implementation of the policy. After 3 months the facility will evaluate how the that have taken place in relation to bullying during the 3 month time period. The people reported about in the events box will also be re-educated to reiterate the olicy and reminded that there is no further warning period and they as well as any other staff members will be held accountable for their actions moving forward. Step 6: Integrate and Maintain the Change in Practice The change will be maintained by having yearly mandatory in-services for all staff reminding them of what bullying is, re-education to the staff on the policy put into place of zero-tolerance, and continued reminding of the serious consequences any employee will suffer if found going against the policy. Implement Evaluation Plan The steps for implementation are Step 1. There will be an implementation and evaluation time of 3 months for this policy; allowing staff to become more familiar with this new policy. Step 2. Incorporating a warning for all staff during this 3 month period, however; an anonymous reportable event box will be placed in different places throughout the facility for anyone to give information of them being victimized or observation of someone as the victim which will be handled during the 3 months time period and after. Step 3. After the 3 months the policy will be evaluated for anything that may need changing before the policy is put into full effect. Step 4. All taff that was reported about in the anonymous box will be re-educated and informed that the warning is over, and termination of employment will be in full effect. Step 5. The data will be reviewed to determine how much of an effect this policy has had thus far in deterring bullying and will continue to be collected as boxes will remain in place, to monitor effect and continue to tweak this policy over time to gain the best results. Steps to Maintain Change To maintain this proposed change for the far and near future the steps needed are: Step 1 . Continued enforcement of the policy by all management staff; Step 2. Periodic analysis of the information provided through re-education, so that it is relevant to the current time; Step 3. Make sure all changes to the policy are reported to staff in a timely manner to keep policy valid; Step 4. Create a brief summary of the plan and the responsibilities of the employees to be readily available to everyone in the organization; Step 5. Develop measures to deal with issues before they arise; Step 6. Prepare quarterly progress reports of the number of incidents to compare, to make decipher if the current policy is still working or needs revamping. Conclusion The Rosswurm and Larrabees change model is a step-by-step guide to assist in developing a plan for change in any situation, or to revamp the current practice through the six steps. Step 1: Assess the Need for Change- The problem that is affecting the nursing profession is nurse to nurse bullying. Bullying has long since been a problem within the nursing profession; its Just never been talked about much until recent years. Nurse bullying in the profession is causing hostile working environments that are not patient centered, and patients are deprived of good nursing care due to uncomfortable working conditions. Step 2: Link the problem, interventions, and outcomes-Nurse bullying is verbal and physical abuse that is creating issues between nurses; implementing a policy that will deter nurse from create a better workplace. Step 3: Synthesize the Best Evidence-Based on the evidence found many nurse are leaving the profession because of the abuse, retention of nurses is low and some fear coming into work or resign altogether Just to not have to deal with the constant derogatory remarks. 60% present of new nurses leave their first Job after only six months, and 70% on US nurses resign from the Jobs due to bullying. These numbers are really contributing to the shortage we suffer from. Step 4: Design Practice Change-creating a zero-tolerance policy that implements strict laws for termination if found to be engaging in bullying behavior is a direction to take to eradicate this problem. Step 5: Implement and Evaluate the Change in Practice-Implementation and evaluation of this plan for change would be a 3 month time frame, which allows for teaching to be given to all employees, and this will be the warning time as well. We will evaluate the current policy after the 3 month time frame and revamp as needed.

Macon Inc free essay sample

In the process of going from a non-project driven firm to a project-driven one, the greatest resistance might come from the executives including the board members, company owners and the vice president. The strong and rigid culture has been instilled in the company since 50 years and as a result, the presidents preaching fell on deaf ears. Authoritative support is necessary to execute such strategies and it seems that for Macon Inc. , that will be the most difficult one. Resistance will also surface among other groups like the line managers and engineers as there is a lack of accountability and cross-functional composition. The arrogant and accusing attitude of engineers towards the production group as well as vice presidents favoritism towards the mechanical department will be uprooted if excellent project management is executed, thereby they will resist the change. 2 What plan should be developed for achieving excellence in Project Management? The following systematic plan should be followed in order to achieve desirable results for project management: a A comprehensive list of current pit holes and improvement areas in Macon Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Macon Inc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page has to be compiled. For example a few of them could be: i Project Delays ii Customer Complaints iii Conflict within departments due to documentation iv Project failure due to uncontrolled scope This helps in recognizing the need for project management techniques implementation. a The second step will be to educate and convince the executive management including the board members and vice-president for the need of these techniques. Without executive support and acceptance, excellence in PM is impossible. b Next in line would be the line managers whose acceptance is critical due to changing functional roles leading to shared resources (employees) between line and project management. Without the cooperation of the line managers, employees will suffer from conflicts in dual-reporting standards. c After the acceptance of all stakeholders is achieved, actual growth begins and a project management methodology needs to be selected based on the major areas seeking improvement. A project tracking and monitoring system has to be in place for improved estimation of project life-cycle. d In the last step of maturity, continued training and refining is inevitable for good project management practices. Educational programs should be embedded as a part of employee and executive level training. e Excellence in PM goes beyond the maturity phase, where all the improvement areas have been addressed and the experience from mature PM combined with the deduced KPIs now allows the company to lead projects with a customer-focused approach. 3 How long will it take to achieve some degree of excellence? Implementing an efficient PM system requires some initial investment in developing the methodology and support systems for planning and scheduling. However, these costs will be offset by the additional benefits that it generates in term of efficiency and customer satisfaction. Only at this point, PM can be said to have benefited the company. This stage is called the maturity level where the processes and tools are in place to achieve successes in PM. With immediate support from the executive level, Macon Inc. could take close to 2 years to achieve a maturity phase. Built on the learnings and KPIs from the maturity phase, a degree of excellence follows. If PM practices are continued for each project along with correcting the realizations from each failure, a stage of excellence where there are almost all projects succeed, can take minimum 5 or more years. 4 Explain the potential risks to Macon if the customers experience with project management increases while Macons knowledge remains stagnant. If Macon does not adopt Project Management practices soon while the customers continue doing so, it might actually end up costing them a significant amount of clients, customers and hindering their bottom line. Some of the other implications are as follows: Losing Customers customers switch to those companies who have parallel Project Management processes as their own Decreased Profits Without Project Management, budget management will be poor and often resulting in cost overruns which lead to decreased profits An inability to cope with the Competition Schedule Delays leading to penalty payments or lost contract Inefficient Project Communications: Customers will actively seek one point of contact for all their queries but without Project Management, they may have unclear and changing communication channels

The eNotes Blog February Giveaway Win a Jane Austen Scarf and $50 in eNotes Homework HelpCredit

February Giveaway Win a Jane Austen Scarf and $50 in Homework HelpCredit This month we are excited to partner  with Literati Club  just in time for Valentines Day. Enter to win this  Pride and Prejudice  infinity  scarf  and  $50 in Homework Help credit! This scarf is a perfect gift for a certain special someone this February 14th–even if that special someone is yourself On Homework Help, you can ask any question about any subject, and our specialized Educators  will provide you with fast and thorough answers to help you learn and ace your assignments. $50 in credit gets you up to five questions to ask whenever you need them. Giveaway  entries are accepted until February 7, 2016 at 11:59pm PST. We will notify the randomly selected winner February 8. Simply click  the link below to enter (please note: you must be a U.S. resident to enter). If you have any questions please post a comment below, or send an email to dispatch@. Good luck! ENTER TO WIN NOW If only youd win me a scarf for Valentines Day Interested in partnering with us for our next giveaway? Let us know!

Alternative Fuel for automobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Fuel for automobiles - Essay Example he use of petroleum based oil should just be reduced or done away with, so as to curb some of itsundesirable effects.True to the government’s plans and efforts, America can boast of having reduced Arab oil consumption, and talk of an increase in domestic crude production. Nevertheless, the nagging concernis whether this is the way to handle the issue of fuel in America, and if it is the best way to go about dealing with fuel for automobiles (Schmitz, Wilson & Moss, 2011). This paper will examine alternative fuel for automobiles, and how the government can be at the forefront in increasing their use for the overall benefit of society. Propane, a fossil fuel, is also identified as liquefied petroleum gas, which is often used to powerengines, and is considered an alternative source of fuel for a number of reasons. The main reasonis that propane lowers the amount of harmful emissions and other greenhouse gases, for example; Carbon IV Oxide into the atmosphere. The fact that it is less expensive as compared to other petroleum-based oils and gasoline makes propane a preferred choice when it comes to alternative fuel. Automobiles get to enjoy this fossil fuel because it does not degrade vehicle performance, as is often seen with other fuels. America can now boast of producing almost 90% of their propane from domestic sources, which means that time, may be the determining factor when it comes to theavailability of the product to those who want it (Schmitz, Wilson & Moss, 2011). Some of the uses of propane include; water heating (especially in homes), refrigerating different foodstuffs, powering equipment and machinery, and even drying clothes. There is one major type of propane gas. It consists of a mixture of propane and other liquefied gases, these are; butane and butylene. Autogas is a combination of the three gases, which makes the alternative fuel an easier choice, especially in automobiles converted to use this type of fuel. Some of the properties of propane, for

How does the role of the environmental health practitioner (EPH) play Essay

How does the role of the environmental health practitioner (EPH) play a part in protecting the health of the public - Essay Example They are liable for developing, implementing and enforcing health policies using specialist skills and knowledge to maintain and safeguard standards relating to people’s health and wellbeing. Environmental health practitioners implement prevention and strive for health wellness and promotion. Health prevention aims to promote healthy behaviours and foster safe environments that minimize the risk of diseases. Environmental health practitioners thus focus on the different areas of environmental health in protecting the health of the public, which include (1) Food safety, (2) Health and Safety, (3) Housing, Environmental Protection and (4) Public Health. The duty of the environmental health practitioner is to check food safety in all the stages of production from storage to distribution. They do this by implementing health protection by actions such as visiting food premises and advising managers on hygiene and safety. Moreover, they follow a regulatory framework for preventing infectious diseases in place. They also ensure food safety by educating food handlers, as well as raising consumer awareness on how to avoid food poisoning at homes. Additionally, environmental health practitioners ensure that food handlers and food premises follow laws and regulations regarding to food safety, imported food control, inspect premises to make sure that health standards are maintained, check to see that food is safe and take any suspected food if found, investigating possible offences and taking companies and individuals to court if they break any of the food safety laws (Meggitt 2003: 168). Moreover, environmental health practitioners enforce smoke-free legislation, investigate food poisoning outbreaks, develop policies to limit the number of fast food premises near schools and promote healthier menus (Mckimm & McLean 2011: 626-631). In regard to food safety, environmental health practitioners carry out food hygiene and standards inspections (Fiona & Wright 2014:

Conjunto com bancos de dados relacionais

Conjunto com bancos de dados relacionais Resumo. A programaà §Ãƒ £o orientada a objetos à © utilizada hà ¡ muito tempo em conjunto com bancos de dados relacionais, que à © considerado o padrà £o adotado pelo mercado hà ¡ anos. Entretanto, a passagem de dados de um objeto para uma tabela de um banco de dados relacional, do ponto de vista conceitual, costuma ser incompatà ­vel devido as adaptaà §Ãƒ µes realizadas no modelo relacional para implementar integridades referenciais, facilitar consultas, etc. Por isso, outras tecnologias foram desenvolvidas para tornar a persistà ªncia de objetos em bancos de dados relacional mais natural. Neste trabalho, sà £o apresentadas duas tecnologias com este objetivo: DB4O, que utiliza um banco de dados orientado a objetos, armazenando diretamente a instà ¢ncia da classe no banco de dados e o framework JPA, que mapeia os objetos e seus atributos para suas respectivas tabelas no banco de dados relacional. A ferramenta Eclipse e o banco de dados MySQL foram utilizados para a impleme ntaà §Ãƒ £o das aplicaà §Ãƒ µes neste trabalho. Palavras-chave: JPA, DB4O, Banco de Dados nà £o convencional, Mapeamento Objeto-Relacional, Banco de Dados Orientado a Objeto, MySQL. 1 Introduà §Ãƒ £o 1.1 Motivaà §Ãƒ £o O crescente avanà §o do paradigma de programaà §Ãƒ £o orientado a objetos tornou necessà ¡rio o estudo acerca de novas formas de persistir os dados de um sistema, pois o modelo relacional nà £o à © diretamente compatà ­vel com o paradigma, visto que nà £o foi feito pensando para orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos. Existem duas abordagens que sà £o o objeto de estudo deste trabalho para tratar persistà ªncia de dados: bancos de dados orientados a objetos e mapeamento objeto-relacional. Bancos de dados orientados a objetos suportam o armazenamento de objetos complexos, mantendo sua estrutura, ao contrà ¡rio dos bancos relacionais que desconhecem o conceito de objeto. Objetos sà £o abstraà §Ãƒ µes do mundo real e a manipulaà §Ãƒ £o destes à © mais simples de entender quando comparado à  s abstraà §Ãƒ µes de um banco de dados relacional. Embora nà £o seja muito utilizado comercialmente, bancos de dados orientados a objeto và ªm evoluindo bastante, permitindo aplicaà §Ãƒ µes cada vez mais robustas e atuando principalmente nas à ¡reas de manipulaà §Ãƒ £o de objetos complexos como espaciais, som e và ­deo. O mapeamento objeto-relacional justamente serve para mapear os objetos em tabelas de um banco de dados relacional, utilizando todas as vantagens desse banco de dados e sendo transparente para o usuà ¡rio. Isto facilita o trabalho do desenvolvedor e permite uma melhor visualizaà §Ãƒ £o da relaà §Ãƒ £o entre os objetos e as relaà §Ãƒ µes do banco reacional. Este trabalho à © resultado da primeira parte da disciplina ministrada pelo professor Sean W. M. Siqueira no primeiro semestre de 2009. A disciplina trata de bancos de dados nà £o convencionais, e faz parte do currà ­culo de Bacharelado em Sistemas de Informaà §Ãƒ £o da Unirio (Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) como disciplina optativa da linha de Banco de Dados. 1.2 Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho à © apresentar duas tecnologias voltadas para o desenvolvimento orientado a objeto (DB4O e JPA) e como realizar suas respectivas implementaà §Ãƒ µes que testam a persistà ªncia em um banco de dados orientado a objeto, mais especificamente o DB4O, e a persistà ªncia utilizando o mapeamento objeto-relacional, atravà ©s do framework JPA. Apà ³s a demonstraà §Ãƒ £o destas duas implementaà §Ãƒ µes, foi realizada uma comparaà §Ãƒ £o entre as duas abordagens, incluindo a abordagem de desenvolvimento tradicional. 1.3 Modelo de classes Para a aplicaà §Ãƒ £o, desenvolvemos o seguinte modelo de classes: 1.4 Estrutura do Relatà ³rio O relatà ³rio està ¡ estruturado em elementos prà ©-textuais, 5 (cinco) capà ­tulos, e elementos pà ³s-textuais. Na primeira parte hà ¡ itens como sumà ¡rio e à ­ndices. Em seguida, està £o os capà ­tulos que està £o brevemente descritos a seguir, e, por fim, os elementos pà ³s-textuais. capà ­tulo 1 explica a motivaà §Ãƒ £o e o objetivo para este trabalho. capà ­tulo 2 apresenta o passo-a-passo para a implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando a tecnologia DB4O. capà ­tulo 4 apresenta o passo-a-passo para desenvolvimento de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o framework JPA. capà ­tulo 4 apresenta as conclusà µes do presente trabalho, comparando as tecnologias envolvidas. capà ­tulo 5 apresenta as referà ªncias bibliogrà ¡ficas. 2 Etapas do desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando DB4O Este capà ­tulo apresenta o passo-a-passo para desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o DB4O. 2.1 Softwares utilizados Os seguintes softwares foram utilizados para a implementaà §Ãƒ £o dos servià §os. Eclipse JDK 6 2.2 Introduà §Ãƒ £o ao DB4O banco de dados orientado a objetos DB4o à © um software open source de fà ¡cil instalaà §Ãƒ £o e baixa necessidade de recurso, uma vez que ele nà £o à © um SGBD e por isso nà £o possui interface grà ¡fica e outras funcionalidades de gerenciamento. DB4o foi feito para poder ser utilizado em plataformas desktop, celulares, servidores, contanto que o ambiente seja orientado a objetos. Alà ©m disso, ele nà £o exige a necessidade de nenhuma programaà §Ãƒ £o ou ferramenta para mapear a orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos para o modelo relacional, pois ele faz uso da orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos a seu favor, permitindo que o modelo seja uma representaà §Ãƒ £o fiel do banco de dados. DB4o nà £o possui instalaà §Ãƒ £o. No desenvolvimento realizado, utilizando o Eclipse, a à ºnica aà §Ãƒ £o necessà ¡ria para instalar o DB4o foi importar o arquivo .jar como uma biblioteca para o eclipse. Apà ³s isso, os pacotes com os objetos necessà ¡rios para persistir os dados no DB4o està £o prontos para serem utilizados. Como o DB4o nà £o necessita de mapeamento, tambà ©m nà £o necessita de modelo là ³gico e fà ­sico, visto que ele à © totalmente baseado na orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos, logo, o banco segue o modelo de classes. 2.3 Metodologia de desenvolvimento Para realizar o desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o, primeiro define-se as classes POJO (Plain Java Object). Os objetos que serà £o armazenados no DB4O sà £o pertencentes a essas classes de objetos implementadas no inà ­cio do desenvolvimento. Depois, desenvolve-se uma classe que permite inserà §Ãƒ £o, consulta, alteraà §Ãƒ £o e exclusà £o de objetos do banco. Para isso, à © necessà ¡rio importar diversas bibliotecas externas pertinentes ao desenvolvimento para DB4O e tambà ©m abrir o arquivo onde os objetos serà £o armazenados, instanciando um objeto da classe ObjectContainer, que representarà ¡ o banco de dados. Para inserà §Ãƒ £o de objetos no DB4O, utilizamos o mà ©todo set da classe ObjectContainer, que armazena um objeto passado como parà ¢metro no DB4O. Para consulta de objetos no DB4O utilizamos o mà ©todo QueryByExample, que utiliza um objeto passado como parà ¢metro como exemplo e busca o objeto semelhante no DB4O. O resultado à © armazenado em uma varià ¡vel do tipo ObjectSet. Para alteraà §Ãƒ £o de objetos no DB4O à © necessà ¡rio consultar o objeto que se deseja alterar e armazenà ¡-lo em um objeto da classe desejada. Depois, alterar os dados atravà ©s do mà ©todo set definido na classe POJO e colocar no DB4O atravà ©s do mà ©todo store, definido na classe ObjectContainer. Para a deleà §Ãƒ £o de objetos no DB4O à © necessà ¡rio consultar o objeto que se deseja remover e utilizar o mà ©todo delete, definido na classe ObjectContainer. 2.4 Passo a passo para implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o DB4O O DB4O consiste em um arquivo .jar apenas, entà £o o primeiro passo (apà ³s realizar o download do DB4O) à © verificar qual .jar utilizar. Nesse caso, utilizamos o DB4o-7.4-java5.jar, pois à © o indicado para que utiliza o JDK 5 ou 6. 3 Etapas do desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando JPA Este capà ­tulo apresenta o passo-a-passo para desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o framework JPA. 3.1 Softwares utilizados Os seguintes softwares foram utilizados para a implementaà §Ãƒ £o dos servià §os. Eclipse Ganymede versà £o 3.4.0 (possui OpenJPA nativo) JDK 1.5 Hibernate MySQL 3.2 Introduà §Ãƒ £o ao JPA O Java Persistence API (JPA) à © um produto implementado pela SUN, especificado para oferecer uma persistà ªncia transparente de objetos Java. O OpenJPA à © uma implementaà §Ãƒ £o disponibilizada como software livre, desenvolvida pela Apache Software Foundation baseada no JPA produzido pela SUN. O JPA define um padrà £o de mapeamento dos objetos do modelo orientado a objetos para o modelo relacional, trazendo as vantagens dos dois mundos: a programaà §Ãƒ £o orientada a objetos, paradigma consagrado de desenvolvimento e os bancos de dados relacionais, igualmente consagrados em termos de utilizaà §Ãƒ £o e desempenho. Alà ©m disso, a tecnologia possui amplo suporte pela maioria dos das grandes empresas do mercado: Apache, Oracle, BEA, JBoss. As camadas que compà µe o framework para o mapeamento objeto-relacional utilizando JPA podem ser visualizadas na Figura 14: O JPA provà ª uma API simples e padronizada de persistà ªncia para Java SE e Java EE. Essa padronizaà §Ãƒ £o permite a modularizaà §Ãƒ £o do provedor JPA que à © oferecido em diversas versà µes por và ¡rios desenvolvedores, dando a opà §Ãƒ £o de escolha o usuà ¡rio final. A padronizaà §Ãƒ £o da tecnologia permite o aumento da produtividade e o uso de anotaà §Ãƒ µes (Annotations) simplifica a configuraà §Ãƒ £o das entidades. Seus objetos sà £o baseados em classes POJO (Plain Old Java Objects) e sua implementaà §Ãƒ £o oferece suporte a heranà §a e polimorfismo. O JPA à © compatà ­vel com a linguagem de consulta Java Persistence Query Language (JP-QL) que utiliza uma sintaxe prà ³xima a SQL, porà ©m à © voltada para consulta de entidades e suas propriedades, criando independà ªncia em relaà §Ãƒ £o à   modelagem fà ­sica do banco de dados. A JPQL à © capaz de realizar consultas està ¡ticas (named queries) e consultas dinà ¢micas e permite a construà §Ãƒ £o de consultas complexas. Portanto, o JPA à © uma soluà §Ãƒ £o completa para mapeamento e persistà ªncia de objetos, sendo composto pelo modo declarativo de descrever mapeamento O/R, linguagem de consulta e recursos para manipulaà §Ãƒ £o de entidades. 3.3 Metodologia de desenvolvimento Apà ³s a definià §Ãƒ £o do modelo relacional, desenvolvem-se as classes POJO referentes as tabelas no banco de dados. Entà £o se insere as anotaà §Ãƒ µes (annotations) que declaram que a classe possui uma respectiva tabela no banco de dados. Entretanto, ainda à © necessà ¡rio registrar essas classes no arquivo persistence.xml, que serà ¡ utilizado para definir o subconjunto de classes que poderà £o ser gerenciadas. Ao escrever o cà ³digo, deverà ¡ ser instanciada um objeto do tipo EntityManagerFactory passando o arquivo persistence.xml como parà ¢metro. A partir deste objeto, à © criado outro do tipo EntityManager, responsà ¡vel por gerenciar o ciclo de vida das entidades que està £o registradas. Ao iniciar a manipulaà §Ãƒ £o dos objetos, à © necessà ¡rio iniciar uma transaà §Ãƒ £o e entà £o registrar os comandos CRUD para serem executados. Entà £o, ao final, realiza-se o commit ou rollback destas operaà §Ãƒ µes. A Figura 15 resume o fluxo de mapeamento objeto-relacional seguido pelo JPA. 3.4 Passo a passo para implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando JPA O primeiro passo para iniciar a implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o framework JPA à © baixar os arquivos JAR necessà ¡rios para realizar as importaà §Ãƒ µes das classes que serà £o utilizadas no programa. Como serà ¡ utilizado como provedor JPA (Figura 2) o framework de persistà ªncia Hibernate, os seguintes pacotes serà £o necessà ¡rios: Hibernate Core, Hibernate Annotations e Hibernate Entity Manager, que està £o disponà ­veis em http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/. No desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o foram utilizadas as versà µes 3.2.0.GA do Hibernate Core, 3.3.0 GA do Hibernate Annotations e 3.3.1.GA do Hibernate Entity Manager. Cabe salientar que pacotes de outras versà µes do Hibernate podem resultar em falhas e erros inesperados em relaà §Ãƒ £o aos procedimentos realizados neste relatà ³rio. O driver JDBC para o MySQL tambà ©m à © necessà ¡rio e pode ser baixado no site oficial do MySQL, em http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/5.1.html. Para o desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o foi utilizado a versà £o 5.1.7 do driver JDBC para o MySQL. Em posse dos arquivos necessà ¡rios, iniciam-se os passos para o desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o no Eclipse. 4 Conclusà £o Conforme apresentado, o desenvolvimento utilizando bancos de dados orientado a objetos apresenta diversas facilidades em relaà §Ãƒ £o à   proposta tradicional de desenvolvimento e à   proposta de mapeamento objeto-relacional. Essas vantagens sà £o as seguintes: Modelagem mais real: permite que o seu modelo de classes seja o seu modelo de armazenamento de dados, pois armazena exatamente os objetos como eles foram criados para serem armazenados, sem necessidade de nenhum tipo de transformaà §Ãƒ £o Representaà §Ãƒ £o de dados com formatos varià ¡veis: no relacional, as tuplas precisam ser homogà ªneas e os atributos atà ´micos, enquanto que no OO isso nà £o à © necessà ¡rio. à © possà ­vel ter dados em formatos varià ¡veis. Facilidade de instalaà §Ãƒ £o e utilizaà §Ãƒ £o: à © mais fà ¡cil e rà ¡pido instalar o DB4o do que algum banco de dados relacional, pois nà £o à © necessà ¡rio configurar e criar um banco de dados previamente, nem à © necessà ¡rio realizar um modelo relacional, fà ­sico e là ³gico, pois o prà ³prio modelo de classes à © a representaà §Ãƒ £o dos dados no banco Mas, existem alguns problemas nessa tecnologia. Alguns jà ¡ foram citados anteriormente: Stored procedures: Nà £o existem stored procedures ou triggers, sendo necessà ¡rio programar na aplicaà §Ãƒ £o essas funà §Ãƒ µes, o que pode fazer cair o desempenho do sistema O modelo relacional jà ¡ està ¡ consolidado no mercado, acumulando anos de estudo e aprimoramento, oferecendo bom desempenho, mecanismos de otimizaà §Ãƒ £o, tratamento de concorrà ªncia. 5 Referà ªncias Vasiliev, Yuli, 2008, Querying JPA Entities with JPQL and Native SQL Disponà ­vel em http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/vasiliev-jpql.html. Apache Software Fundation, Apache JPA Users Guide Disponà ­vel em http://JPA.apache.org/builds/latest/docs/manual/manual.pdf. OLIVEIRA, H.E.M, 2008, JPA Passo a Passo, TDC The Developers Conference 2008 Disponà ­vel em http://www.thedevelopersconference.com.br/arquivos/TDC2008Floripa-jpa-henrique.pdf DB4Objects, DB4O Tutorial Disponà ­vel em: http://developer.db4o.com/files/folders/db4o_74/entry49672.aspx ENGIEL, P., 2008, Comparaà §Ãƒ £o entre as formas de persistir a programaà §Ãƒ £o orientada a objetos

Internship at malaysiaairlines Essay

As a part of requirement of Bachelor in Accountancy Programme, an internship training programme for six months is mandatory for every student in 7th semester. Therefore, it is necessary for me to complete my internship session in any company which offers relevant job scope and experience to my area and specialization. Previously, I had experienced working in an audit firm and now, I chose to be working in industrial and commercial sector in order for me to experience a new working environment. Hence, that is the reason why I decided to undergo my internship programme with Malaysia Airlines. I began my internship programme on 1st February 2013 with MAS and it ends on 31st July 2013. During that time, I was attached to Accounts Payable Department, 4th Floor, Admin 2 Building, MAS Complex A, SAAS Airport, 47200 Subang, Selangor. The department is headed by Cheah Paik Un and the Manager of the department is Pn. Nik Azlina Bt Nik Yusoff. I was put under the supervision of Nurul Izzati Bt Noordin and my immediate supervisor was Azizah Bt Azmi. 2.0 MALAYSIA AIRLINES (MAS). 2.1 Company Overview Malaysia Airlines (MAS), formerly known as Malaysian Airline System Berhad was found in the year of 1947. It is a Malaysian-based company engaged in the business of air transportation and the provision of related services. Basically, it operates in two segments. The first segment is airline operations, which engaged in the operation of aircraft for passenger and the second segment is cargo services which related to the operation of aircraft for cargo and mail services. In addition, MAS’s other business segment also includes catering, engineering, computerized reservation services, trucking and warehousing services, retailing of goods, terminal charges and tour and travel related activities. Up to now, MAS has over 20 subsidiaries with 13 of them are fully owned by MAS. Some of the subsidiaries are Abacus Distribution Systems (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd, FlyFirefly Sdn Bhd, MAS Golden  Holidays Sdn Bhd, and many more. Malaysia Airlines has its headquarters and registered office on the third floor of Administration Building A at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Selangor. 3.0 WORK EXPERIENCES. 3.1 Duties and Responsibilities. Since I was attached to the Accounts Payable department, basically my tasks involve the handling of incoming invoices from arrival to post. Usually, I would first classify and sorts the invoices into various categories. Then, after performing invoice verification, I would enter the park invoices and update it using SAP system. After that, the superior may have to check and approve the invoice and if there are no variances, the invoice is posted into the accounting system. Apart from that, I also need to update the manpowers’ time sheet and summary as well as the fuel uplift quantity and buffered flights using the Integrated Fuel Management System (IFMS). Therefore, I can state that I already had a clear picture on how exactly MAS handle their accounts payable. In addition,I am well aware that accounting departments are constantly challenged when it comes to validating the accuracy of invoices, obtaining agreement and sign off for expenditure and taking measures to eliminate double payment occurrences. 3.2 Exposure to the Airline Industry. As a part of exposure to the airline industry, Finance Business Support Department has provided all the practical trainees the Internal Finance Module (Basic Airline Economics) on 26th February 2013. I found it very beneficial to me as I am able to apply my knowledge on costing specifically for airlines industry. I was exposed to different cost classification which MAS applied on its expenditure incurred, for example variable costs can be divided into flight related,traffic related and revenue related. After that, on 4th April and 12th April, I went for a half-day visit to Engineering Hangar and Malaysia Airlines Academy where I had the opportunity to observe how the aircrafts are being maintained, CCTS mock up, flight safety demonstration and so on. 3.3 Achievements. During my training period, I have acquired many new skills and knowledge on accounting mainly for airline industry. First, to me it was a success when I was given the opportunity to learn in depth on what type of expenditure incurred by MAS, and other related issues in the way of settling it. Next, this internship programme has certainly enriched my curriculumvitae (CV) and my interpersonal skills as I was given the chance to interact with most staffs from every different level. This has largely broadened my perspectives on career opportunities available in the accounting profession as they always provide me with good advice on it based on their experiences. Thus, I am able to shape my career goals more clearly and it will surely benefit me in the near future. Lastly, I am more familiar with accounting systems such as SAP and ESKER solutions as well as IFMS which is a system mainly developed for managing fuel. I can confidently use it with ease and I found that these systems really make accounting as one of the most enjoyable fields to deal with. This is because, from what I have observed, since ESKER is being used by Accounts Payable Department on 3rd of June 2013, it helps on reducing the problem related to traditional invoice processing method. Some of the problems linked to traditional method are increase in the chance of error due to multiple sources and paper invoices are also hard to monitor as well as labour intensive. Therefore, ESKER solutions really make paper-free AP a reality and helps in cutting operational and administrative AP costs as the invoice approval workflow is simplified and consolidated. 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS. I must recommend MAS to create a more structured training programme where supervisors are directed to plan a more comprehensive and organized training schedule for every trainees in order to optimize the training period with significant tasks in developing the trainees’ knowledge and skills rather than focusing on the same task for the whole period. Next, I suggest that Accounts Payable Department should once in a while organize a team building exercise for its staffs in order to bring them closer and I am sure that  this would encourage them to appreciate the importance of team work and able to share personal experiences and ideas. 5.0 CONCLUSION. In conclusion, I can state that my internship at Malaysia Airlines was a rewarding experience. This is because, it provided me with some new perspectives that I did not come across during my studies back at the college and the work experience I gained here was very different compared to the private practice sector due to the specific job scope. Next, I would like to attest both of my supervisors (Nurul Izzati Bt Noordin who was my senior supervisor and Azizah Bt Azmi who was my immediate supervisor) at Accounts Payable Department, MAS for the good job. Above all, working together with them was a true pleasure and theirs faith in my abilities was a real source of motivation. I really appreciate the way I have been guided through this internship programme with MAS, beginning from the opportunity to take the time I needed to refresh and expand my knowledge in several issues concerning every single expenses incurred by MAS and ways to make payment, over a somehow protected period where I could discover and learn to value my new working environment, and finally earned the confidence to deal with assignments myself. Last but not least, I need to stress that all the staffs in this department contributed greatly to making my stay at MAS a very enjoyable one. It is through them that I did enjoy my work every day and I am very grateful for the internship opportunity given by MAS.

Chinese Wedding Tradition Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A wedding day is considered as the most important and memorable event in one’s life because it is their way of affirming their love and intimacy in public. At that very moment, the couple makes sure that everything is perfectly planned, from proposal to reception. This is because the groom usually wants to offer the best to his bride. A wedding is also considered among many nations as a very sensitive event because all aspects of the wedding shall conform to their beliefs and traditions. The date and place of the wedding are also given considerable significance. Moreover, the wedding rites are meticulously carried out because everything used symbolizes something especially among Chinese.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Chinese tradition, the wedding is purposely to continue their clan and to strengthen the relationship of the two families. It is in the best interest of the parents and so they exert a great deal effort of finding good match for their son. The matching is made very carefully through rituals to ensure the absence of bad omens. Furthermore, a traditional Chinese wedding is interestingly coupled with complicated beliefs to ensure luck, joy, and happiness for the couple. Before the Wedding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The proposal in Chinese wedding is not made by the boy, instead, his parents find a girl that matches him. When the match has been found, the proposal and expression of the match is done through a â€Å"go- between† who would present a gift to the girl’s parents. If the proposal is received, the go- between will get the girl’s birth date and birth hour to be recorded in a formal document which will be placed in the altar of the boy’s family for three days (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). If within three days, no inauspicious omen occurred like trouble between the two families, the information is given to an astrological expert for confirmation of the match (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). When a favorable horoscope is found, the girl’s family will also do the same ritual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next process is the bethrodal where both parents exchange presents as a form of their intentions. During the bethodal, the parents would extensively bargain for the amount of money and goods as a gift to the girl’s family. Usually, the bethodal gifts includes, tea, dragon and phoenix bridal cakes, pairs of male and female poultry, wine, tobacco, and others (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). The cake received by the bride is shared to family friends and relatives as a sign of the wedding announcement and invitation. In exchange, the girl’s family would offer foods and clothing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the same day, the wedding date is set. It is important among Chinese that the wedding date is a lucky day. The date is chosen according to the lunar calendar when the moon and the stars are properly aligned with the guidance of an astrologist (983Weddings.com). Moreover, it has been a practice that the couple marry when the hands of the clocks are moving up instead of down because it is their belief that their married life would begin in an upswing manner (983Weddings.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the wedding day, the bride is required to stay in seclusion together with her closest friends where she would be rendered a lamentation for her separation from her parents (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). Another preparation made is the installation of the new bridal bed by married men or women having many children. The night before the wedding day, the groom is required to sleep on the bed with an innocent young child to invite fertility. Wedding Day   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the very day of wedding, the bride takes a bath in water filled with pomelo and other varieties of grape fruit to cleanse her of evil influences (Chinese Weddings by the Knot). Her hair is combed by a married woman four times and each stroke symbolizes good luck, fertility, longevity, and happiness, respectively (Helium). Her hair is styled in a bun at the top of her head like that of a married woman. Moreover, her hair dress, made of either red silk veil or curtain of tassle or beads, is hanged from her Phoenix crown so that her face will be covered (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). The brides wear a simple yet elegant red wedding dress and red shoes (Helium). The presence of a â€Å"good- luck woman† is also required during the bride’s preparation (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). After all the preparations, the bride bows to her parents and to the ancestral table then waits for the bridal procession (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, the groom wears a long gown, a red silk sash with a silk ball on his shoulder together with red shoes, (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). As he kneels before the altar, his father places the cap, which is garnished with cypress leaves, on his head (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). Before the groom goes on a bridal procession, he is required to kneel before the tablets of Heaven and Earth and his ancestors then to his parents and relatives (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Noticeably, the color used for wedding dress, invitations, and envelopes is red. For the Chinese, red stands for luck, joy, happiness, and courage. On the red wedding invitations and decorations, the symbol of double happiness is placed on them to represent a wish of happiness to the newly wed (Fong & Chuang, 2003, p.138).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the preparation, the groom leads the bridal procession to pick up his bride. The procession is accompanied by the noise of firecrackers, loud gongs and drums (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). The groom is also accompanied by a child to symbolize his future sons (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The wedding ceremony itself is simpler than the preparation. The couple is led to the altar to pray to the Heaven and Earth, to family ancestors, and to the Kitchen god, Tsao- Chun (Hudson Valley Weddings). Afterwards, a tea with lotus seeds is offered by the couple to the grooms parents (Chinese Historical and Cultural Project). The marriage ceremony is completed when the couple bows at each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The wedding feast is prepared by the bride’s family separate from that of the groom’s family. On each feasts, the men sits separately from women. Then bride and the groom are presented with the two goblets of honey and wine tied together with red ribbon (Kingma, 2003, p. 166). They partake in these two drinks to represent that they have come together in marriage in love and in courage. After the Wedding   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the day after the wedding, the bride is required to wake up at dawn to honor their ancestors and bow before the groom’s relatives as she receives gifts from them. That is the only day when the bride is formally introduced to the grooms family and relatives. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It can be considered that the trditional Chinese wedding is the most complicated and meticulous yet most elegant wedding there is. It can also be said that since the wedding has the longest preparation, the parents of both partners may plan for it while the future couple are still young. Moreover, the wedding ceremony itself is given utmost importance as it is enriched by beliefs to ensure good things for the couple and for their family. Works Cited â€Å"Chinese Wedding Traditions.† 2008. Chinese Historical and Cultural Project. 4 June 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . â€Å"A Guide to Chinese Wedding Customs.† 2008. Helium. 4 June 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . â€Å"Chinese Wedding Traditions.† 2008. Hudson Valley Weddings. 4 June 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . â€Å"Chinese Wedding Traditions- Marriage Customs.† 983 Weddings.com. 4 June 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Fong, Mary & Chuang, Rueyling. Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity. Rowman &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Littlefield, 2003. Kingma, Daphne R. Weddings from the Heart: Contemporary & Traditional Ceremonies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for an Unforgettable Wedding. Red Wheel, 2003. â€Å"Wedding Style: How to Make Your Wedding Unique.† 2008. Chinese Weddings by the Knot. 4 June 2008 .

Prime Minister John Turner Biography

John Turner was a Prime Minister in waiting for too long. By the time John Turner had waited out the Trudeau era and was elected Leader of the Liberal Party to become Prime Minister in 1984, the country was fed up with the Liberal government. Turner himself seemed out of date and out of touch. He made a number of political gaffes, including calling an early election, and the Conservatives won a massive majority. For six years as Leader of the Opposition, John Turner fought, unsuccessfully, against free trade with the United States. Prime Minister of Canada 1984 Birth June 7, 1929, in Richmond, Surrey, England. John Turner came to Canada as a young child in 1932. Education BA - University of British ColumbiaRhodes Scholar, BA in Jurisprudence, BCL, MA - Oxford UniversityUniversity of Paris Profession Lawyer Political Affiliation Liberal Party of Canada Ridings (Electoral Districts) Over the years, Turner held ridings in three different provinces - Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. St-Laurent - St-Georges 1962-68Ottawa-Carleton 1968-76Vancouver Quadra 1984-93 Political Career of John Turner John Turner was first elected to the House of Commons in 1962.He was a Minister without Portfolio from 1965 to 1967, and Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs from 1967 to 1968.He ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1968 but lost to Pierre Trudeau.In 1968, John Turner became Solicitor General of Canada.He was Minister of Justice from 1968 to 1972.From 1972 to 1975, John Turner was Minister of Finance. In 1974, his second budget was voted down in the House of Commons, and a general election was called.The Liberals won the 1974 general election and John Turner was again appointed Minister of Finance.Unhappy with the job of Minister of Finance and the economic policy of the government, John Turner resigned in 1975 to return to the practice of law in Toronto.When Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau retired in 1984, John Turner was elected Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.John Turner was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada in 1984.A series of patronage appointments by both Pierre Trudeau and John Turner, and an electorate tired of 16 years of Liberal government led to a Conservative victory in the 1984 general election. Brian Mulroney became Prime Minister.John Turner stayed as Leader of the Opposition for six years from 1984 to 1990.He retired from politics in 1993 and returned to the practice of law.